Nature, society, man, and culture in the system of being (1980)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1262-2024-6-3-196-206Keywords:
history of culturology, M. S. Kagan, ontological foundations of the architectonics of scientific knowledge, interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, integrativityAbstract
The article is based on the authorized copy of M. S. Kagan’s book ‘Systematic Approach and Humanitarian Knowledge’ (1991). It incorporates the hand-written edits made to the book by Kagan himself. The work is an attempt to understand the principles of structuring being. It discusses the relevant system of categories and the relationship between such concepts as nature, society, man, and culture. The author criticizes the ideas that lead to the dissolution of society in culture and the dissolution of society in nature. Kagan proposes a four-member principle of ontology. According to him, the identification of four basic forms of being — nature, society, man, and culture — allows us to overcome all types of reductionism (spiritualistic, psychological, biological, sociological). At the same time, this approach allows to maintain a monistic understanding of the material unity of the world and reveal the dialectic of the general and the particular in all the four specific forms of the motion of matter.
The article describes theoretical consequences, practical significance and ideological meaning of Kagan’s tetra-based principle of ontology. A special focus is given to the prospects that this ontological principle opens up for the structural analysis of scientific knowledge, the organization of its various fields and the classification of sciences. The article emphasizes the relevance of the system for ideology and worldview. Kagan concludes that once man and culture (along with society and nature) become independent and full-fledged objects of philosophical studies, it will be possible to identify not only the specifics of these forms of being, but also their dialectical relationship with each other.
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